Aging Process

The first article I chose to read was about grief, and how to cope with it. The loss of a loved one cause’s great stress can temporarily interfere with concentration, decision making, and work performance. With enough support and help, grief can promote personal growth of all of those involved in the process. According to this article, grief can be triggered by extreme isolation, depression, or other additive behaviors. Other indicators that show one who is dealing with grief may include quick replacement of the lost relationship or avoidance of any reminder of or imitation of the deceased.Many people who experience these symptoms need some sort of intervention by health care professionals. According to this article, there are many different types of grief that one can experience. These types include chronic grief, delayed grief, exaggerated grief, masked grief, and disenfranchised grief. Chronic grief begins as â€Å"normal grief,† but instead of going away, it continu es for a very long time. Some people tend to define themselves by their losses, which leads to the development of chronic grief.Delayed grief is when a survivor consciously or unconsciously holds back their feelings in order to avoid pain, such as avoiding discussion of the deceased, or working too much. In masked grief, the survivor is not aware that their response to grief is getting in the way of them performing daily functions. One who is experiencing this may refuse help. Disenfranchised grief can occur when a survivor can’t fully acknowledge the loss of a loved one because the relationship may be considered unacceptable. Those who experience this type of grief may be those who are gay or lesbian partners.There have been many studies done on the effects of care giving to those who are going through grief and loss. In a recent study, 129 spouse care givers were asked to rate their levels of care giving. Those who had little or no involvement in the care of a terminally il l spouse were found to be at higher risk for complicated grief than those with greater involvement. The next article I read was also about coping with grief and loss. This article states that over the past 30 years, health care professionals have shown an increase in interest in the issues related to grief.There have been many different studies done on grief and loss, some of which have the same conclusions and others that differ in outcomes. However, in spite of these varied findings, it seems to be that following the death of a loved one, there tends to be an increase in headaches, dizziness, trembling, etc. It has been recommended that these symptoms can be signs of grief. There has also been an interest on whether or not people who are going grieving a loss require more psychiatric care during their mourning period. There have been few studies done to show some answers, but data is inconclusive.This article defines grief as one who was experienced the loss of a loved one to deat h. This article also explains that when someone experiences the loss of an important person, there is a tendency for that person to feel helpless, like they are unable to exist without that person. Some may also have mixed emotions of sadness and anger. Aside from the emotional responses to grief, there are also physical features that accompany grief. Some of these features are tightening of the chest, hollowness of the stomach, tightness in the throat, and lack of energy.This article states the order in which grief tends to happen; disbelief, confusion, preoccupation, sense of presence, and hallucinations. There are also a variety of different behaviors that are associated with grief reactions. These can go from sleep deprivation, and loss of appetite, to social withdrawal. Although these articles both discuss grief and loss, they differ in certain ways. The first article talked more about the different types of grief, and described the characteristics of them individually. The fir st article also discussed the effects of a person who is not involved in care giving to their loved on who is terminally ill.I felt that the second article talked more about the most basic type of grief in full detail. The second article, as opposed to the first article, went into detail about the physical features that also accompany grief. I also think that the second article talked about more broad concepts of grief, where as the first article was more specific in its focus on grief. I really enjoyed the articles that I read. I aspire to become a grief and loss counselor one day, so I felt that these articles really pertained to what I am interested in. I think that they explained things very easy, in words that I could actually comprehend.I believe that grief and loss counselors are very important in society; everyone at some point will lose someone they love, and may need the special support of a professional. I also found this topic to be of relevance because my best friendsâ €™ father just passed away about a month ago. I have been helping her mourn and go through the grieving process. Reading these articles made me realize things that I have been doing correct, and maybe some things that I could try to do better to help her through this very hard time. I think that these articles clearly defined grief, and all of the components that go along with it.I feel that everyone should read an article on how to help one cope with grief, just because mourning is a process that is all to common. Helping one get through these times is something that we can all improve upon. As much as I did enjoy both articles, I found my self more intrigued in the second article. It was a bit longer in length, and was very detailed. I think that the second article talked about a lot of different topics associated with grief and loss, where as the first article really just talked about the book definition of grief, and how to cope. Aging Process The first article I chose to read was about grief, and how to cope with it. The loss of a loved one cause’s great stress can temporarily interfere with concentration, decision making, and work performance. With enough support and help, grief can promote personal growth of all of those involved in the process. According to this article, grief can be triggered by extreme isolation, depression, or other additive behaviors. Other indicators that show one who is dealing with grief may include quick replacement of the lost relationship or avoidance of any reminder of or imitation of the deceased.Many people who experience these symptoms need some sort of intervention by health care professionals. According to this article, there are many different types of grief that one can experience. These types include chronic grief, delayed grief, exaggerated grief, masked grief, and disenfranchised grief. Chronic grief begins as â€Å"normal grief,† but instead of going away, it continu es for a very long time. Some people tend to define themselves by their losses, which leads to the development of chronic grief.Delayed grief is when a survivor consciously or unconsciously holds back their feelings in order to avoid pain, such as avoiding discussion of the deceased, or working too much. In masked grief, the survivor is not aware that their response to grief is getting in the way of them performing daily functions. One who is experiencing this may refuse help. Disenfranchised grief can occur when a survivor can’t fully acknowledge the loss of a loved one because the relationship may be considered unacceptable. Those who experience this type of grief may be those who are gay or lesbian partners.There have been many studies done on the effects of care giving to those who are going through grief and loss. In a recent study, 129 spouse care givers were asked to rate their levels of care giving. Those who had little or no involvement in the care of a terminally il l spouse were found to be at higher risk for complicated grief than those with greater involvement. The next article I read was also about coping with grief and loss. This article states that over the past 30 years, health care professionals have shown an increase in interest in the issues related to grief.There have been many different studies done on grief and loss, some of which have the same conclusions and others that differ in outcomes. However, in spite of these varied findings, it seems to be that following the death of a loved one, there tends to be an increase in headaches, dizziness, trembling, etc. It has been recommended that these symptoms can be signs of grief. There has also been an interest on whether or not people who are going grieving a loss require more psychiatric care during their mourning period. There have been few studies done to show some answers, but data is inconclusive.This article defines grief as one who was experienced the loss of a loved one to deat h. This article also explains that when someone experiences the loss of an important person, there is a tendency for that person to feel helpless, like they are unable to exist without that person. Some may also have mixed emotions of sadness and anger. Aside from the emotional responses to grief, there are also physical features that accompany grief. Some of these features are tightening of the chest, hollowness of the stomach, tightness in the throat, and lack of energy.This article states the order in which grief tends to happen; disbelief, confusion, preoccupation, sense of presence, and hallucinations. There are also a variety of different behaviors that are associated with grief reactions. These can go from sleep deprivation, and loss of appetite, to social withdrawal. Although these articles both discuss grief and loss, they differ in certain ways. The first article talked more about the different types of grief, and described the characteristics of them individually. The fir st article also discussed the effects of a person who is not involved in care giving to their loved on who is terminally ill.I felt that the second article talked more about the most basic type of grief in full detail. The second article, as opposed to the first article, went into detail about the physical features that also accompany grief. I also think that the second article talked about more broad concepts of grief, where as the first article was more specific in its focus on grief. I really enjoyed the articles that I read. I aspire to become a grief and loss counselor one day, so I felt that these articles really pertained to what I am interested in. I think that they explained things very easy, in words that I could actually comprehend.I believe that grief and loss counselors are very important in society; everyone at some point will lose someone they love, and may need the special support of a professional. I also found this topic to be of relevance because my best friendsâ €™ father just passed away about a month ago. I have been helping her mourn and go through the grieving process. Reading these articles made me realize things that I have been doing correct, and maybe some things that I could try to do better to help her through this very hard time. I think that these articles clearly defined grief, and all of the components that go along with it.I feel that everyone should read an article on how to help one cope with grief, just because mourning is a process that is all to common. Helping one get through these times is something that we can all improve upon. As much as I did enjoy both articles, I found my self more intrigued in the second article. It was a bit longer in length, and was very detailed. I think that the second article talked about a lot of different topics associated with grief and loss, where as the first article really just talked about the book definition of grief, and how to cope.

Position Paper: Pepsico’s Restaurants

Position Paper: PepsiCo’s Restaurants Pepsi Co’s Restaurants is a Harvard Business School Case which states PepsiCo’s large organization, its structure, its acquisitions and management approach. It also covers two companies, Carts of Colorado (COC) and California Pizza Kitchen (CPK) which are pursued from PepsiCo in 1991 to buy. In this position paper PepsiCo’s acquiring strategy and management approach will be evaluated to examine strengths and weaknesses of acquiring these two companies and possible solutions of other strategies. It will be also qualified whether it is a successful company in restaurant business.Pepsi’s acquiring strategy is diversified. First, it merged with Frito-Lay in 1965 and named PepsiCo. The case states the belief of Kendall that â€Å"snack chips went well with soda. † It was a product-extension merger. These two companies were selling different but related products in the same market. Snack foods and soft drinks a re related. With the help of established distribution network and brand recognition the merge resulted higher growth and economies of scale. This synergy was the basis of further developments. After that PepsiCo. acquired restaurant chains, which was the third segment for the company. You can read also Classifications of RestaurantsPepsiCo made market-extension and also product-extension with this purchase. It acquired the largest chains like Pizza Hut, Taco Bell at late 70’s and KFC in 1986. (Exhibit 1) With their economies of scale, it created market access for its own products and the restaurants could make cost reduction and cost efficiency with the growth of PepsiCo through soft drinks and also similar purchases. (PepsiCo Food Systems) Additionally, the acquirements of KFC with its franchises (Exhibit 5) was important because it helped PepsiCo to be internationally powerful.For this purpose, they used also a different strategy for their snack food segment and acquired Smith Crisps, Ltd from United Kingdom which was its competitor for European market. (horizontal acquisition) Besides, PepsiCo purchased supplier companies like bottling subsidiaries as backward integration (instruments of standard-cycle approach like PepsiCo Food Systems, cost efficiency is very important ) and also conglomeration like Wilson Sporting Goods, but they sold what they acquired when the parts are not greater than the whole. PepsiCo has decentralized management approach.Every decision didn’t taken by top management. The responsibility for authority and decision making is distributed. Pepsi commercial which included Michael Jackson with a 5$ million record fee was told CEO only a few hours before the contract. Moreover, Kendall encouraged managers to take risks and stated â€Å"If you go through your career and never make a mistake, you’ve never tried anything worthwhile† and the president of Pizza Hut, Steve Reinemund mentioned that Calloway, the follower CEO after Kendall, had never told him what to do.These are typical examples for decentralization, but it also shows us that there is a tradition at PepsiCo, the top management showed their managers their trust and tried to challenge their thought process. This is the result of Pepsi Co investment on them. Calloway’s response for outstanding performance was â€Å"the three P’s people, people, people†. Such decision makers should be experienced. Actually their two phase system was very successful because it let successful managers to promote another divisions, challenging positions or different functional areas.Most of the top management which can be seen from organization chart (Exhibit 2) had participated at all levels of PepsiCo with different assignments, so they were generalists and great managers with different experiences. Their management approach can be described as Calloway states â€Å"We take eagles and teach them to fly in formation. † Carts of Colorado and California Pizza Kitchen were two companies that PepsiCo. were interested to acquire. The advantages and disadvantages of such acquisitions will be considered separately.But first of all, we have to consider what was the strategy of PepsiCo for the future and what Pepsi Co has experienced. According to strategic planners of the company quick service restaurants would remain the largest segment over the following decade. Based on their analyses, quick service, casual dining and take out segments would be attractive. On the other hand, PepsiCo. invested to casual dining like Pizza Hut Cafe and experienced that their know-how for this segment is low. (Reinemund: â€Å"We needed people to come in and break the mold of our thinking.We knew enough to know what we didn’t) Additionally, Salsa Rio Grill which is also an investment for casual dining was a failure, but it has also mentioned it could be successful with a different setting. These are aspects that we have to think whether to acquire CPK. The case also mentions that PepsiCo. needed non-traditional program to increase points of distribution. That can be achieved with carts. The company also purchased carts from COC because they saw a potential future that the location of sales was really i mportant. If COC is acquired, than PepsiCo ould acquire skills or technologies more quickly or at lower cost than they could be built in-house. This can be seen as a strength, however COC’s carts wouldn’t cover the core competence of PepsiCO, therefore its acquisition could be not cost efficient. There is also an opportunity of first mover with the know-how of COC PepsiCo could achieve the most efficient mobile storesi, might be also apply some strategies for automats. The threat was that COC has a centralized organization, because of adaptation problems whole project could be a failure. Acquisition of CPK has strengths according to its operating segment of casual dining.The weakness could be because of its cost comparing to its benefit. Strategic planners saw casual dining segment a growth market and with its know-how they would expand their market. Its threat is centralized structure of CPK. They failed with Pizza Hut Cafe and Salsa Rio Grill and it could also happen with CPK if they apply their quick service strategies. According my point of view PepsiCo should not acquire CPK because PepsiCo. ’s tradition is very powerful and they want to adopt their strategies to CPK, but added value and core competence of this companies is its centralized structure.If they act so, they will fail, instead of acquiring synergy. Additionally, the economies of scale CPK is also small which would not add value to its soft drink segment, the acquirement of other restaurant chains was also beneficial for brand awareness and reputation, this wouldn’t happen for CPK. They would acquire it for know-how of this company, but the company is not public and centralized, everything will depend on cofounders of CPK, this a very big risk if we compare benefits and its cost.On the other hand, PepsiCo could acquire COC, but they could make a technology contract with such a company. In such a contract the threat is the benefit, the synergy with experience of Pepsi Co and know-how of COC can be extraordinary. If COC shares the results to other competitors, that wouldn’t be a one sided gain, so comparing with its cost, it would be much better to acquire it because built-in of such department would be also very costly. As a result, I want also add my comments about the success status of Pepsi in restaurant business. I believe, it is successful.Although its history is short comparing with soft drink segment, its revenue is greater than soft drink segment and this is a success, PepsiCo differentiated its products, it made a great purchase system for cost effectiveness, but it had to increase its profitability according to 1991 data. Although it covered 36% of PepsiCo sales, but operating profit was 29% and as we knew from case, PepsiCo main strategy was investing to where it believed it could achieve the highest returns. (Exhibit 4) Reference: http://www. mckinseyquarterly. com/The_five_types_of_successful_acquisitions_2635 PepsiCo’s Restaurants Harvard Business School Case Position Paper: Pepsico’s Restaurants Position Paper: PepsiCo’s Restaurants Pepsi Co’s Restaurants is a Harvard Business School Case which states PepsiCo’s large organization, its structure, its acquisitions and management approach. It also covers two companies, Carts of Colorado (COC) and California Pizza Kitchen (CPK) which are pursued from PepsiCo in 1991 to buy. In this position paper PepsiCo’s acquiring strategy and management approach will be evaluated to examine strengths and weaknesses of acquiring these two companies and possible solutions of other strategies. It will be also qualified whether it is a successful company in restaurant business.Pepsi’s acquiring strategy is diversified. First, it merged with Frito-Lay in 1965 and named PepsiCo. The case states the belief of Kendall that â€Å"snack chips went well with soda. † It was a product-extension merger. These two companies were selling different but related products in the same market. Snack foods and soft drinks a re related. With the help of established distribution network and brand recognition the merge resulted higher growth and economies of scale. This synergy was the basis of further developments. After that PepsiCo. acquired restaurant chains, which was the third segment for the company. You can read also Classifications of RestaurantsPepsiCo made market-extension and also product-extension with this purchase. It acquired the largest chains like Pizza Hut, Taco Bell at late 70’s and KFC in 1986. (Exhibit 1) With their economies of scale, it created market access for its own products and the restaurants could make cost reduction and cost efficiency with the growth of PepsiCo through soft drinks and also similar purchases. (PepsiCo Food Systems) Additionally, the acquirements of KFC with its franchises (Exhibit 5) was important because it helped PepsiCo to be internationally powerful.For this purpose, they used also a different strategy for their snack food segment and acquired Smith Crisps, Ltd from United Kingdom which was its competitor for European market. (horizontal acquisition) Besides, PepsiCo purchased supplier companies like bottling subsidiaries as backward integration (instruments of standard-cycle approach like PepsiCo Food Systems, cost efficiency is very important ) and also conglomeration like Wilson Sporting Goods, but they sold what they acquired when the parts are not greater than the whole. PepsiCo has decentralized management approach.Every decision didn’t taken by top management. The responsibility for authority and decision making is distributed. Pepsi commercial which included Michael Jackson with a 5$ million record fee was told CEO only a few hours before the contract. Moreover, Kendall encouraged managers to take risks and stated â€Å"If you go through your career and never make a mistake, you’ve never tried anything worthwhile† and the president of Pizza Hut, Steve Reinemund mentioned that Calloway, the follower CEO after Kendall, had never told him what to do.These are typical examples for decentralization, but it also shows us that there is a tradition at PepsiCo, the top management showed their managers their trust and tried to challenge their thought process. This is the result of Pepsi Co investment on them. Calloway’s response for outstanding performance was â€Å"the three P’s people, people, people†. Such decision makers should be experienced. Actually their two phase system was very successful because it let successful managers to promote another divisions, challenging positions or different functional areas.Most of the top management which can be seen from organization chart (Exhibit 2) had participated at all levels of PepsiCo with different assignments, so they were generalists and great managers with different experiences. Their management approach can be described as Calloway states â€Å"We take eagles and teach them to fly in formation. † Carts of Colorado and California Pizza Kitchen were two companies that PepsiCo. were interested to acquire. The advantages and disadvantages of such acquisitions will be considered separately.But first of all, we have to consider what was the strategy of PepsiCo for the future and what Pepsi Co has experienced. According to strategic planners of the company quick service restaurants would remain the largest segment over the following decade. Based on their analyses, quick service, casual dining and take out segments would be attractive. On the other hand, PepsiCo. invested to casual dining like Pizza Hut Cafe and experienced that their know-how for this segment is low. (Reinemund: â€Å"We needed people to come in and break the mold of our thinking.We knew enough to know what we didn’t) Additionally, Salsa Rio Grill which is also an investment for casual dining was a failure, but it has also mentioned it could be successful with a different setting. These are aspects that we have to think whether to acquire CPK. The case also mentions that PepsiCo. needed non-traditional program to increase points of distribution. That can be achieved with carts. The company also purchased carts from COC because they saw a potential future that the location of sales was really i mportant. If COC is acquired, than PepsiCo ould acquire skills or technologies more quickly or at lower cost than they could be built in-house. This can be seen as a strength, however COC’s carts wouldn’t cover the core competence of PepsiCO, therefore its acquisition could be not cost efficient. There is also an opportunity of first mover with the know-how of COC PepsiCo could achieve the most efficient mobile storesi, might be also apply some strategies for automats. The threat was that COC has a centralized organization, because of adaptation problems whole project could be a failure. Acquisition of CPK has strengths according to its operating segment of casual dining.The weakness could be because of its cost comparing to its benefit. Strategic planners saw casual dining segment a growth market and with its know-how they would expand their market. Its threat is centralized structure of CPK. They failed with Pizza Hut Cafe and Salsa Rio Grill and it could also happen with CPK if they apply their quick service strategies. According my point of view PepsiCo should not acquire CPK because PepsiCo. ’s tradition is very powerful and they want to adopt their strategies to CPK, but added value and core competence of this companies is its centralized structure.If they act so, they will fail, instead of acquiring synergy. Additionally, the economies of scale CPK is also small which would not add value to its soft drink segment, the acquirement of other restaurant chains was also beneficial for brand awareness and reputation, this wouldn’t happen for CPK. They would acquire it for know-how of this company, but the company is not public and centralized, everything will depend on cofounders of CPK, this a very big risk if we compare benefits and its cost.On the other hand, PepsiCo could acquire COC, but they could make a technology contract with such a company. In such a contract the threat is the benefit, the synergy with experience of Pepsi Co and know-how of COC can be extraordinary. If COC shares the results to other competitors, that wouldn’t be a one sided gain, so comparing with its cost, it would be much better to acquire it because built-in of such department would be also very costly. As a result, I want also add my comments about the success status of Pepsi in restaurant business. I believe, it is successful.Although its history is short comparing with soft drink segment, its revenue is greater than soft drink segment and this is a success, PepsiCo differentiated its products, it made a great purchase system for cost effectiveness, but it had to increase its profitability according to 1991 data. Although it covered 36% of PepsiCo sales, but operating profit was 29% and as we knew from case, PepsiCo main strategy was investing to where it believed it could achieve the highest returns. (Exhibit 4) Reference: http://www. mckinseyquarterly. com/The_five_types_of_successful_acquisitions_2635 PepsiCo’s Restaurants Harvard Business School Case

BSN & MSN Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BSN & MSN Program - Essay Example Moreover, the curricula designed for the bachelors degree programs in nursing are quite different from the curricula designed for the masters programs in the same field even though they may be offered in the same institution. This paper analyzes and compares the nursing degree curricula that are used for undergraduate programs as well as for the masters programs in nursing within a university college. Moreover, the paper will evaluate the curricula programs and education outcomes postulated by these designed curricula with an aim of establishing how the undergraduate programs and the postgraduate masters programs in nursing profession build on each other. II. Difference in Outcome and Content The BSN as well as MSN programs have competitive provisions that are all geared towards the production of holistic and competitive nursing professionals. There is little notable difference though between the curricula content and the outcome as shown by the nursing regulatory and management bodi es. The visionary track of a nursing education follows through the levels of a generalist, an advanced generalist that is later followed by specialization programs. The generalist nursing education is what is offered at an undergraduate level while the advanced generalists refers to what is offered at the masters level programs. ... include ‘scholarship for evidence based practice’ ‘liberal education for baccalaureate generalist nursing practice’, and‘basic organizational and systems leadership for quality care and patient safety’ (Anon, 2008). ‘Information management and application of patient care technology, healthcare policy, finance, and regulatory environments’, ‘inter professional communication and collaboration for improving patient health outcomes’ and ‘clinical prevention and population health’(Anon, 2008). Moreover, ‘professionalism and professional values and baccalaureate generalist nursing practice’ (Anon, 2008) form part of these essentials. The major notable difference between these essentials for the undergraduate programs in the contents and the outcomes expected from the courses offered. On the other hand, the masters programs in nursing education equally run on stipulated essentials, which define the el ements of the adopted curricula not based of such factors as intended practice settings, focus or major. Masters programs differ in regard to the undergraduates in that they employ programs which are different in content in order to have variations in outcomes. The outcomes for masters programs are professionals who besides practicing can address available gaps in the field. The masters essentials are ‘background for practice from sciences and humanities’, ‘organizational and systems leadership’, ‘quality improvement and safety’ and ‘translating and integrating scholarship into practice’(Anon, 2011). Moreover, ‘informatics and healthcare technologies’, ‘health policy and advocacy’, ‘inter professional collaboration for improving patient and population health outcomes’, ‘clinical prevention and population health for

Chart of Accounts for Health Care Organizations Essay

Chart of Accounts for Health Care Organizations - Essay Example A number of healthcare services including hospice, emergency care, outpatient surgeries, long-term home care, pharmacies and rehabilitation services among many others. Formed through a merger of Samaritan Health System and Lutheran Health Systems in 1999, the company has grown rapidly and currently boasts of assets worth $6.4 Billion (Piland, Glass & Center for Research in Ambulatory Health Care Administration, 1999). Banner Health has an efficient structure that has continued to portray its readiness to face the dynamic nature of the industry. The network continues to position itself strategically in the provision of healthcare services thereby making itself ready to offer its services in the next decade. Key among such strategies is the expansion of its network coupled with its diversification plan. As explained earlier, the company has expanded from Phoenix in Arizona to have more than twenty outlets in several other states. Such is an effective strategy the network employs in ens uring that it reaches as many Americans as possible. Health care is a basic need in any economy; the company, therefore, grows its network thereby enhancing the accessibility of its services throughout the nation. The same is the case with the diversification of the network. Banner Health offers a number of services including pharmacy, hospice, rehabilitation services, laboratory services and hospital care among many others. Demand for health care services is dynamic given the changing lifestyle in the contemporary society. The next decade promises further changes a feature that requires the services providers to streamline their capabilities. Banner health portrays the dynamism capable of handling the demands for health care service in the future. Emergency services are vital in ensuring that the company handles the demand for emergency services. The same is the case with hospice and home care among the many other services.

Arab Politics -The Baath Party Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Arab Politics -The Baath Party - Research Paper Example Baath party is one of the Arab political parties originated in Syria. It has attained international fame because of its association with former Iraq president Saddam Husain. Though Baath party has extended its roots to many Arab countries like Syria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan etc as a symbol of Arab unity, it didn’t survive long because of its composition of different political regimes and origin The Arab Socialist Baath Party was founded in Syria in the 1940s by a small group of French-educated Syrian intellectuals - Michel Aflaq, a Greek Orthodox, and Salah al-Din al-Bitar, a Sunni Muslim. The word Baath means renaissance in Arabic. (Kafala) The educated Muslim intellectuals have visualized the whole Arab countries as a single entity and their aim was to bring all the Arab people under one flag of the Baath party. Their aim was not motivated by any selfish aspects. They have felt the need of a single Arab party in order to counter the external threats from countries like Israel and America. Baath party was a secular Arab party. â€Å"Socialism (not Marxism) was quickly adopted as the party’s economic dogma: â€Å"Unity [Arab], Freedom [from colonialism], and Socialism† are still the watchwords.† (The Syrian Encyclopaedia) Though Baath party has accepted socialism as the economic principle, it differed from communism in many ways. Communism mostly works for the working class of the whole world whereas Baath party stressed the importance of economic equality among all the peoples of Arab countries. They have given focus on Arab culture alone and hence they concentrated on the Middle East region alone. Communism, on the other hand, doesn’t have any boundaries; it works for the whole working class in the world. â€Å"The Iraqi Baath party was founded in 1951 and had 500 members three years later. Saddam Hussein joined it as a 20-year-old in 1956.  

Fortress Ltd Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fortress Ltd - Coursework Example A promoter of a company is an individual who â€Å"undertakes to form a company with reference to a given project and to see it going, and who takes the necessary steps to accomplish that purpose (Twycross v Grant 1877, 469). On the facts, Adam undertook to form Fortress Ltd. for the express purpose of securing a security services project for the Olympic games. All indications are that Adam intends to supervise the project and to ensure that it is accomplished. The mere fact that he is securing the loan for the proposed company’s project substantiates his supervision of the project. Moreover, since the term promoter is essentially a business term, whether or not a person is a promoter is question of fact (Whaley Bridge Calico Printing Co. v Green 1880, 109). On the facts of the case for discussion and pursuant to common law, Adam is for all intents a purposes a promoter. In general a company cannot be held liable for the breach of a contract that was concluded prior to the co mpany’s incorporation (Kelner v Baxter1886 174). In cases where the contract was formed prior to the formation of the company, the person or promoters acting for the proposed company prior to its incorporation are generally liable in a personal capacity (Kelner v Baxter1886 174). ... This was particularly so when Section 36 (C) of the Companies Act 1985 overruled the decision in Kelner v Baxter and essentially codified the decision in Phonogram Ltd. v Lane (1982). Section 36(C) which was further amended by Section 51 of the Companies Act 2006 provided that pre-incorporation contracts would have effect provided there were no agreements otherwise. In the absence of an agreement excluding liability, both the company and the promoter acting as agent would be liable for breach of the contract in a personal capacity (Companies Act 1985, Section 36(C)(1)). Section 36(C) (1) however, did not clear up the confusion as there was some confusion as to whether or not it was necessary for the wronged party to know that the company had not yet been incorporated (Bourne 2011, p. 48). For instance it was decided in (Cotronic (UK) Ltd. v Dexonie 1991,721) that it must be shown that the defendant was purporting to act on behalf of a proposed company. In another case it held that li ability as mutually exclusive in that both the third party acting on behalf of the proposed company and the other contracting party were equally liable for breach of the contract (Braymist Ltd. v Wise Finance Co. Ltd. 2002, 273). In other words, there was no definitive rule of law determining when and if a promoter could be liable for a breach of a pre-incorporation contract. There were instances where a promoter could be liable only if it was clear that the other contracting party did not know that the company was incorporated at the time of entering an agreement. In other instances, liability was assigned to the promoter automatically (Savirimuthu 2003, 203). As the law currently stands, Section 51(1) of the Companies Act 2006 will apply to determine

Who owns the Air Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Who owns the Air - Essay Example Theoretically, business can use the most effective technologies trying to get more profits from the exploitation of the resources. The growing concern about the air pollution may change the approach to pollution prevention from end of pipe approach to the reducing of the pollution at its source. However, so-called â€Å"green capitalism† is still oriented on the getting profit from the situation. Besides, private enterprise cannot be responsible for any trans-boundary effects or the externalities (German and Keeler, 2010). In case of the air pollution, private entrepreneur cannot be responsible for the pollutants that are transmitted from the other regions. It is hard to determine to what extent each company is responsible for the content of the pollutant in the certain region. Local (or regional) authorities could manage common pool resources (including air) through the effective self-governing institutions. The representatives of the community are aimed on the preservation of the resources and on the care about health within the location. Self-governing institutions may establish the rules (or the limitations) that exclude the undesirable agents. However, the community cannot predict rapidly changing circumstances and may not know how to deal with new actors. It is also hard to apply sanctions â€Å"from within† (German and Keeler, 2010). Apart from the reaction on the changing circumstances, local authorities are also not protected from the trans-boundary effects. The state is not always the best agent in the sphere of pollution prevention. On the one hand, the state establish the legislation and tradable environmental allowances for the whole territory of the country. It possesses enough resources to organize control the pollution. State programs of pollution prevention take into account the interests of local authorities and private enterprises. On the

Cite and Correct Using Risk Assessment Assignment - 2

Cite and Correct Using Risk Assessment - Assignment Example zards as they can hit employees and injure them badly, that is in case they are opened while an employee is walking towards the point where the gate or door is swinging moving. The dust, gas, vapor and fumes produced are hazardous as they may damage parts of the body exposed to the substances. This may cause burns. Additionally, the chemicals may attack some organs, for example the lungs or liver, when the body absorbs some chemicals. An employee may touch bare wire, equipment that ungrounded properly or wet surfaces, which may lead to the employee being shocked. This may cause burns especially when the clothes are get fire. This may even lead to death. Some machinery reduces the levels of oxygen and this is hazardous to anyone in around as it may lead to suffocation. Employees deprived of oxygen for long periods may lead to brain damage and in extreme scenarios, death. For the walking work surface, any person entering the company is at risk. This is because any one can fall and get hurt since everyone is using the same polished floors. Additionally, doors swinging while being opened may hit anyone. Every single individual in the company is at risk of exposure. This is because the chemical produced, dust, gas, vapor and fumes, not excluding the noise, radiation and extreme temperatures, will not spare anyone. However, those people who spend more time in the company are more at risk than the visitors due to longer periods of exposure are. Everyone in the company is at risk in case the oxygen levels are low. This is because everyone needs oxygen and nobody will be spared. This also includes hazardous chemicals increasing to levels beyond the Permissible Exposure Limits. Impacts = the risk is only localized to the polished floors and the risk only increases when the floor is wet. Slipping may cause injuries but the probabilities of the injuries being serious are quite low. Impacts = the risk is only localized to a specific door being opened while an individual

Cellular Phone Usage while Driving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Cellular Phone Usage while Driving - Essay Example The real issue is whether such use in significantly more distracting than other tasks that the public as a whole currently regard as 'acceptable.'" The following evidence will explore previous research on accidents that can be attributed to cellular phone usage while operating a motor vehicle, followed by claims supporting or disparaging that cellular phone usage is more distracting-and therefore more susceptible to legislation-than common tasks, such as putting on makeup, talking to passengers, and changing the radio station. Driving is a highly complex skill that requires the continual integration of interdependent perceptual, motor, and cognitive processes (Salvucci & Macuga, 2001). In a study examining three thousand drivers, half of which used cell phones while driving and half of which did not, researchers used a logistic regression model to examine age, relative cell phone usage, accident exposure and alcohol-related incidences to compare the contributing factors of police-reported collisions involving the users and "nonusers" in the sample (Wilson et. al 2003). The findings showed that drivers observed using cell phones had a higher risk of an at-fault crash than did the "nonusers," with a higher proportion of rear-end collisions, although there was no apparent effect on "inattention" violations (Wilson et al 2003). A s A study published by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) revealed that approximately 25-30 percent of the injuries caused by car crashes were due to driver distraction (Utter, 2001 cited by Tseng, Nguyen, Liebowitz, & Agresti, 2005). Differences between drivers who used cell phones and nonusers in unsafe driving behaviors and attitudes were also examined, and target groups for intervention efforts against talking on a cell phone while driving are suggested. With in-vehicle use of cell phones rapidly increasing, the safety of young drivers, who represent 14% of licensed drivers but 26% of drivers involved in fatal crashes, may be disproportionately threatened (Seo, and Torabi 2004). The authors used a questionnaire to examine the association between in-vehicle cell-phone use and accidents or near-accidents among 1,291 conveniently recruited college students in 4 states (Seo, and Torabi 2004). Of the 1,185 respondents who were drivers, 87% had a cell phone, and 86% of the cell-phone owners reported talking while driving at least occasionally, and 762 reported accidents or near-accidents, 21% involved at least 1 of the drivers talking while driving states (Seo, and Torabi 2004). Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses showed that the frequency, not the duration, of drivers talking while driving was related to experiencing accidents or near-accidents (Seo, and Torabi 2004). Research reiterates that the use of cellular phones while driving has been established as the major cause of driver inattention. The Harvard Center for Risk Analysis found that use of cell phones while driving caused 330,000 moderate to severe injuries and approximately 2,600 deaths each year (Sundeen, 2003 cited by

Article Nisarg Essay Example for Free

Article Nisarg Essay SME stands for Small and Midsize enterprises. The definition defers from country to country. A business that maintains its revenue or employees below a certain standard is called an SME. The European definition for SMEs is â€Å"The businesses which have less than 250 employees and the annual revenue is less than 50 million euro (or annual balance sheet total less than 43 million euro) are called SMEs.† India has defined SMEs under Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006. It says for a small sized enterprise the investment in plant and machinery should be between 25 lakh and 5 crore and for a medium sized enterprise it should be minimum 5 crore and should not exceed 10 crore. This definition is applicable to the enterprises which are in manufacturing sector. For the enterprises which render services, if the investment is between 10 lakh to 2 crore they are called small sized and if the investment is between 2 crore to 5 crore they are called medium sized enterprises. The SME sector has been of prime importance for India as it involves less capital investment and is highly labour intensive. It boasts of being second highest in providing employment and contributes to our goal of inclusive growth and equal distribution of resources. SMEs prompts private ownership, instils entrepreneur skills in the youth and establishes powerful market supply chain. The report published by Ministry of Small and Midsize Enterprise says around 45% of the total output and 40% of the total export of the country comes from SMEs by employing 106.1 million people over 26 million units in 2013. It contributes around 22% to the nation’s GDP. Now instead of discussing the past the immense potential ahead prompts me to throw some more lights on future of SMEs and how India can fulfil its â€Å"Make in India† dream through it. Now in the world of cut throat competition it is  very important that we use all the technological resources we have. The next generation is to be driven by innovations and technology. The initial development in our SME sector was the result of the government policy of promotion and protection of small business units. But now after 1991 reforms and in the era of globalization the small business units are open to extensive competition from small and big giants all over the world. Therefore it has become essential that India shifts from technology transfer to technology innovation. The recent research work published by BCG says if Indian SMEs adopt latest IT tools they could generate additional revenue of $56 billion and can add 1.1 million jobs. One such tool is cloud computing which has changed the way IT solutions are being delivered. Cloud computing can provide cheaper solutions as it adopts pay per use policy. It reduces total operation cost and total cost of ownership by alleviating the risk for the cash strapped SMEs. The cloud facility enables secure storage and transfer of data. As the maintenance and software up gradation is taken care by the service provider it saves the company’s time and resources. To improve our supply chain further we can use computerized tracking and shipping devices along with electronic billing systems. There are plenty of supply chain related mobile apps like MCSA, Mobile TMS applications, Mobile Solutions by SAP and Oracle products. With barcode scanning, speech recognition features, high quality digital cameras and other auto run instruments provide high class warehouse functioning. Let me give an example to exhibit that. John Deere used SmartOps software platform and helped equipment supplier increase it’s on time shipments dealers from 63% to 92%, while reducing inventory by nearly $1 billion. Here one more thing to note is that we are in 21st century but our electric grid is a 20th century structure. It is highly inefficient and may breakdown any time. In 2003 we observed east-coast wide black out in India. The first step to resolve the issue can be the use of Smart Meters. It can relay a range of information about electricity usage, can give utility and customers alike a real time picture of how much power they are using at any point in time. The electricity can be used efficiently at time when the overall demand is low and the meter helps in doing that. By doing so we are smoothing the demand curves of power plants and utilizing the current power plants fully instead  of establishing the new ones. Apart from that the SMEs can use technology to market their products on social media. There are many cost effective tools available like websites, blogs, emails etc. One of the most popular and heavily used such tool is Facebook. It provides facility of flexible budgeting and provision to target a highly specific audience as shown below. Along with all the benefits that we extract from our SMEs we must ensure that we don’t harm our environment and use green technology as much as we can. The e-waste produced by the enterprises have to be managed properly. CloudBlue, based in New Jersey, helps tech companies process their e-waste on the site as well. So in nutshell technology is the answer to the question posed by the harmful effects produced by the technology. Hence I think India must keep including SMEs in its five year plans and should highly focus on the use of technology and innovation to develop this sector. We must use our executive wing to make time to time reforms. If taken as national goal I am confident our poor and middle class will surely come out of mediocrity and contribute to the development of the nation and we will be able to drive this third global cycle of development along with China. References: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_and_medium-sized_enterprises http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/smallandmidsizeenterprises.asp msme.gov.in www.google.com www.facebook.com

Code of Ethics in Childcare

Code of Ethics in Childcare Ethical dilemma Ethical dilemma is a situation involving issues of right and wrong, duties, or obligations that have more than one defensible resolution, each of which can be justified in moral terms. It makes us think to choose what is right and wrong. Early childhood educators are faced with daily ethical dilemmas and moral conundrums that challenge our view of ourselves and the support we offer. The NZTC Code of Ethics is a tool that urges educators to privilege relationships with children, their families and the communities of which they are a part, and articulate these in terms of childrens growth and learning, just as New Zealand Code of Ethics is a tool that guides the educators to find their sense of what they ought to do. My 1st reaction I believe that we should follow the Curriculum. I accept that there is no Maori child in the centre but the children in the centre going to grow up and going for primary and higher studies and the situations in higher schools and colleges never going to be same like our centre. In early age children minds are fresh and accepting the morals and values what we are teaching them. If we not teaching them according to the curriculum at ECE centre then it going to be hard expecting respect from them for other cultures especially Maori. In respect of making them responsible citizens, I think us not playing our best role by not teaching them Maori at early age. It’s going to be new and hard for children to accept the bi-cultural curriculum at primary school level. They might not happily accept the Maori language in curriculum plus they might not be respectful toward the Maori culture. I agree that some parents might not happy with introducing their children with Maori language at centre. But my intentions is to introduce the language now to the children rather then they have to struggle in the future. Ethically I try to convince the teachers and parents to stick to the curriculum, which is more important. We all got to understand that Maori is the Native language of New Zealand and we can’t avoid it. Teach and model those positive values which are widely accepted in society and encourage learners to apply them and critically appreciate their significance. http://www.teacherscouncil.govt.nz/required/ethics/coe-poster-english.pdf Identifying the stakeholders Teachers who want to implement Te Reo: Teachers are the main stakeholders in this situation. They are in a situation where it’s hard to choose what to do. 1st they have to think about the curriculum then about the opinions of staff members and the parents of children they teach. It’s more hard when other staff members justifying not to implement Te Reo and tikanga maori. Teachers who justifying don’t need to implement Te Reo: Teachers who are happy not to implement Te Reo. Even though they are right too in doing so in some stages, when they don’t have maori child in the centre. Teachers attend to the needs of children first and put children ahead of their own needs. They putting children ahead then the government agency. Parents who are happy with current situation: Those parents who are happy with not teaching maori to their children. Teachers have to consider their interests too when they don’t want their children to learn Maori. Gonzalez-Mena (2002) discusses the differences in individualism and collectivism with regard to early childhood education, and the difficulties that can arise when caregivers and family are at different ends of the continuum (Sarah Hartstone, personal communication Saturday, 23 January 2014, 10:35 AM) Parents who challenge the situation: Those parents who want to stick to the curriculum. Ministry of education: Ministry of education sets up the curriculum for early childhood which is bi-cultural and guide us to implement Te Reo. Children: Children at early stage learn through what they see. Children at that stage can’t make choices what they want to learn and what they don’t, especially if we talk about implementation of Te Reo. They learn about right and wrong not so much by what we say, but by what we do (Freeman,1997). Identifying the issues Personal Morality: We learned the differences between right and wrong through our life long experiences. We judge the things and situations on our decisions. Our personal moral decisions could be differ from social morality. Like in this situation my personal moral opinion is that we should be implementing the Te Reo and Tikanga Maori in centre even though if we don’t have maori children in centre. But the personal opinion of other educators could be totally different. They might don’t feel necessary to implement Te Reo when we don’t have any Maori child. Their 1st preference could be only best care for child and then curriculum or any other government agency is the second most preference. Ethical issues: Is it ethically necessary to implement Te Reo in the centre when we don’t have any Maori child in the centre? When we answering this question lots of issues comes to our mind like other staff member opinions, parents opinion, curriculum. We might not easily get the right idea what exactly is ethical acceptable. At this stage we need to follow the code of ethics. Cultural issues: The major problem in this situation is cultural issue. Staff members who wants to stick to the curriculum and wants to implement Te reo and tikanga Maori facing the major cultural issue. When they don’t have any Maori child in the centre. It’s quite pointless for some staff members and parents to teach Maori to non-Maori children. But if we look at wider picture the children just not going to stay in that centre they are going to explore themselves in further studies. Maori culture is a rich culture and heritage that have lot of moral values which is necessary for our children to learn when they are going to live in New Zealand. It’s important to learn about the history and native language of our country. Social issues: We are living in a society with majority of European and Maori in it. If Maori’s have learnt the English language then at least we should be knowing little bit of Maori culture and language. Our main responsibilities to make our children responsible citizens. To live with peace and love, it’s important that our children should have respect for other culture. If what we teaching children at home and what we teaching them at pre-school is same, then what is the benefit to send them to pre-schools!!? Actually we should be making them socially aware by teaching them about the native culture and language of New Zealand. Brainstorm solutions without evaluating them Early childhood services care for and care about children. The significance of caring and relationship both as an educational goal, and as a fundamental aspect of what the ECS does is recognised. We should stick to the Te Whariki which is bi-cultural and strictly pointing us to teach children both languages. ECS decisions do not conflict with what is in the best and appropriate interests of children and their parents/caregivers. Actions are not taken that could result in harm to any child and family associated with the ECS. A supportive, non-threatening and non-judgemental environment for children and parents/caregivers is provided. The ECS management and staff or contractors are conscious of their own biases and are careful not to let their personal and cultural views influence how they treat any child, parent, or group of children and families. It is important that our children should have knowledge of New Zealand native culture and language. If we follow the code of ethics even it tells us to teach Maori language in ECE centres. Code of Ethics for registered teachers Application of the Code of Ethics shall take account of the requirements of the law as well as the obligation of the teachers to honour The Treaty of Waitangi by paying particular attention to the rights and aspirations of Maori as tangata whenua. http://www.teacherscouncil.govt.nz/required/ethics/coe-poster-english.pdf So, according to the Code of Ethics it is clarified that we should teach Maori language at centres. Our setting should be same, who knows when a Maori child get enrolled to the centre. We can’t say to the parents that sorry we have only European children studying in here. Even we can’t immediately start teaching Maori language, then other children going to find it difficult to understand and that why we changing the daily routine. According to Code of Ethics the professional interactions of teachers are governed by four fundamental principles: Autonomy Justice Responsible Care Truth Teacher should treat people with honour. They should share and prevent the abuse of power. Need to protect each and every ethnicity. They should be honest with their profession. As teacher we should be committed to these four code of ethics: COMMITMENT TO LEARNERS COMMITMENT TO PARENTS/GUARDIANS AND WHANUA COMMITMENT TO SOCIETY COMMITMENT TO THE PROFESSION The Sections a, b and c of Code number 3 Commitment to society a) actively support policies and programmes which promote equality of opportunity for all b) work collegially to develop schools and centres which model democratic ideals c) teach and model those positive values which are widely accepted in society and encourage learners to apply them and critically appreciate their significance. http://www.teacherscouncil.govt.nz/required/ethics/coe-poster-english.pdf Help me to find good solutions that we need to promote equality of opportunity for all. We should support democratic ideas. We should be teaching positive values which are widely accepted. However, we have Maori children in our centre or not, but we need to stick to the Te Whariki. And we don’t know when new Maori child get enrolled to the centre. References New Zealand Code of Ethics for registered Teachers (NZTC,2004) Freeman,N.(1997, September). Using NAEYC’s code of ethics Mama and daddy Taught me Right from Wrong- Isn’t that enough?(pp.65) Sarah Hartstone (2014,January 23) Te Kea Kaha Day 9/10. (online forum comment) retrieved from Moodle: TEPS 751-14C (NET). New Zealand Code of Ethics for registered Teachers (NZTC,2004)

Gmail from Google and its Potential Ramifications Essay -- Email Inter

Gmail from Google and its Potential Ramifications Internet technology is accelerating the rate of globalization. Email, in particular, is now one of the fastest ways for us to communicate with each other, and to do business, making our world much smaller and more immediate. This same technology that can enhance our lives and accelerates the pace of global change can also destroy our personal privacy at the same rate. The newest web based email service, which has gained more attention than most, is Gmail [1]from Google.com. Google currently hosts the most popular Internet search engine world wide. Google proposes to deploy a unique email service that will give users capability not available with other providers; most importantly 1GB of email storage space. Gmail will use Google’s sophisticated search technology to perform searches on a person’s email saved in their account. This searching feature allows a user to quickly locate and display relevant information from a previous email and not spend time scrolling through long lists of messages in email folders. Despite this new capability, Gmail has raised concerns from Internet users and privacy groups around the world. Another feature that Google plans to implement in the email service is targeted advertising. Google’s engines will search the content of a person’s email and display advertisements that are relevant to key words pulled from the messages. Many people see the idea that a company would scan personal email messages, for any reason, to be a great invasion of privacy and are protesting the deployment of this feature. Some privacy groups are suggesting that Google’s automated searches would violate the privacy laws of certain countries like Germany [2... ...services and Google should strive to remain ethical and committed to the privacy agreements made between the company and the users Bibliography Google.com, 28 Apr. 2004, https://gmail.google.com Jan Libbenga, 8 Apr. 2004 , The Register, 28 Apr. 2004, http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/04/08/gmail_germany/ Simon Davies, 19 Apr. 2004, Privacy International, 28 Apr. 2004, http://www.privacyinternational.org/issues/internet/gmail-complaint.pdf The Press Center, 2004, Google.com, 28 Apr. 2004, http://www.google.com/press/overview.html Google Zeitgeist, 28 Apr. 2004, Google.com, 28 Apr. 2004, http://www.google.com/press/zeitgeist.html Gmail Privacy Policy, 08 Apr. 2004, Google.com, 28 Apr. 2004, http://www.google.com/gmail/help/privacy.html Dawn Kawamoto, 29 Apr. 2004, CNET News.com, 29 Apr. 2004, http://zdnet.com.com/2100-1104_2-5202120.html

The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by M

The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass incarceration in the United States. Michelle Alexander (2010) argues that despite the old Jim Crow is death, does not necessarily means the end of racial caste (p.21). In her book â€Å"The New Jim Crow†, Alexander describes a set of practices and social discourses that serve to maintain African American people controlled by institutions. In this book her analyses is centered in examining the mass incarceration phenomenon in recent years. Comparing Jim Crow with mass incarceration she points out that mass incarceration is a network of laws, policies, customs and institutions that works together –almost invisible– to ensure the subordinate status of a group defined by race, African American (p. 178 -190). Alexander (2010) describes the New Jim Crow as a moment where society have already internalized the stereotypes of African American men as violent and more likely to commit crimes and where mass incarceration has been normalized – especially in poor areas– . That is, today is seen as normal that black parents are missing in their homes because they are in institutions of control (p.181). She also stresses American society denies racism when they assume the justice system works. Therefore, she claims that â€Å"mass incarceration is colorblind† (p.183). American society does not see the race biased within the institutions of control. Alexander (2010) suggests mass incarceration as a system of racialized social control that functions in the same way Jim Crow did. She describes how people that have been incarcer... ...ople (p.195). 7) Symbolic production of race. Perhaps this is the most important category of her analyses. She stresses that mass incarceration as Jim Crow and slavery define and reinforce what being a black person means. During slavery being black meant to be a slave. During Jim Crow meant to be a second class citizen. And mass incarceration defines black people, especially men, as criminals. We can conclude with her analyses that the criminal justice in America is biased an even though I don’t agree with the suggestion Alexander has heard from other people that mass incarceration is a â€Å"conspiracy to put blacks back in their place† (p.5). It is clear that the justice system in the US is not completely fair, and that collective action must arise to struggle it. Works Cited Alexander, M. (2010). The New Jim Crow. New York, NY: The New Press. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by M The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass incarceration in the United States. Michelle Alexander (2010) argues that despite the old Jim Crow is death, does not necessarily means the end of racial caste (p.21). In her book â€Å"The New Jim Crow†, Alexander describes a set of practices and social discourses that serve to maintain African American people controlled by institutions. In this book her analyses is centered in examining the mass incarceration phenomenon in recent years. Comparing Jim Crow with mass incarceration she points out that mass incarceration is a network of laws, policies, customs and institutions that works together –almost invisible– to ensure the subordinate status of a group defined by race, African American (p. 178 -190). Alexander (2010) describes the New Jim Crow as a moment where society have already internalized the stereotypes of African American men as violent and more likely to commit crimes and where mass incarceration has been normalized – especially in poor areas– . That is, today is seen as normal that black parents are missing in their homes because they are in institutions of control (p.181). She also stresses American society denies racism when they assume the justice system works. Therefore, she claims that â€Å"mass incarceration is colorblind† (p.183). American society does not see the race biased within the institutions of control. Alexander (2010) suggests mass incarceration as a system of racialized social control that functions in the same way Jim Crow did. She describes how people that have been incarcer... ...ople (p.195). 7) Symbolic production of race. Perhaps this is the most important category of her analyses. She stresses that mass incarceration as Jim Crow and slavery define and reinforce what being a black person means. During slavery being black meant to be a slave. During Jim Crow meant to be a second class citizen. And mass incarceration defines black people, especially men, as criminals. We can conclude with her analyses that the criminal justice in America is biased an even though I don’t agree with the suggestion Alexander has heard from other people that mass incarceration is a â€Å"conspiracy to put blacks back in their place† (p.5). It is clear that the justice system in the US is not completely fair, and that collective action must arise to struggle it. Works Cited Alexander, M. (2010). The New Jim Crow. New York, NY: The New Press.

Essay --

Walt Disney Every little girl and boy at some point in their life, wanted to be a Disney character of some sort whether it be Cinderella, Aladdin, Mushu, or even the famous Mickey Mouse. Walt Disney Company has been worldwide, and has had a moving impact on both children and adults since it first started in 1924. â€Å"All your dreams can come true – If we have the courage to pursue them† (Disney) Throughout Walt Disney’s life he has been an inspiration to all through his never-ending imagination, his magical theme parks, and his charming cartoons. Walt Disney was born in Chicago on 5 December 1901, the youngest of four sons, with a sister to follow. In 1906 his family moved to a forty acre farm in Marceline, Missouri. Walt’s father Elias, after four years of proving unsuccessful as a farmer and then being afflicted with typhoid, had to sale the farm and eventually move the family to Kansas City, Missouri. Walt would always speak of life in Marceline with a great sense of homesickness. To him the small town signified what was best about America. In Kansas City, Walt and his brother Roy helped their father deliver papers every morning and evening. A few years later they returned to Chicago, and while working several jobs, Walt took classes at the Chicago Academy of Fine Hope 2 Arts, the only art training that he would ever get. Even though as a child he was told he had no imagination he didn’t let that stop him from doing what he truly loved to do. One of the ways he is an inspiration to all is through his willpower to never give up. Disney's cartoons became widely popular in the Kansas City area, and through their success, he was able to purchase his own studio, Laugh-O-Gram, unfortunately, studio profits were unable to cover the... ...ted, warm loving woman who loved every child. Travers, who died in 1996, became a rich woman thanks to the film royalties but refused to work with Disney again. The new film is a Disney production. Her experience with Hollywood executives was so bruising that she agreed to a Mary Poppins stage musical by Sir Cameron Mackintosh on the proviso that "no Americans" be involved in its creation. But in Hope 5 the end Marry Poppins ended up winning five Academy Awards including best actress for Dame Julie Andrews. Throughout Walt Disney’s life its seen that his never-ending imagination, his magical theme parks, and his charming cartoons have encouraged and thaught people that no matter what your circumstances, or how many time you have fallen down, you need to get right back up and try again, and never give up. Because, â€Å"If you can dream it, you can do it† (Disney).

Marketing Strategy Analysis: Dove Milk Chocolate Essay

Target Market Geography: New Jersey is a highly populated area located on the east coast of the United States of America with an array of different cultures (Mars Nutrition Incorporation, 2012) Rationale: The high population of New Jersey would provide a very large source of consumers regardless of the cultures Age: Gender: Both men and women. Rationale: At the very young ages, both genders consume chocolate and other confectionery at the same rates. However, with increase in age, chocolate becomes very common with women (Bailey,2012). Income: the segmentation of income may be all households with a yearly income exceeding one dollar. Ethnicity: They target all ethnicities. Rationale: Because all ethnicities have disposable incomes, thus they would all provide a very favorable target market. Specification on the basis of ethnicity would lock out potential consumers and deny the company the much needed revenue. Family Life Cycle: Married couples, Adult Singles Rationale: Unmarried individuals have adequate disposable incomes because they do not have many responsibilities. Separated individuals in some cases have children, thus these children would prompt their parents to purchase the products for them. Marriages usually result in the presence of children who would solicit their parents to purchase the products for them. Personality traits: this sector fundamentally comprises of emulators for instance fun loving people. These are the people who delight in enjoying life and believe in travelling and adventure. Lifestyle characteristics: in terms of lifestyle, it might be targeted at those who favor purchasing convenience products. They are as well willing to experiment with substitute products in place of food items that are conventional, as the world of chocolate is transforming from occasion led to more casual utilization. Usage Rate: the market might be more segmented on usage instead of attitude – whatever place, time snack. This is a faction of users that find conventional snacks to be heavy. Although an array of chocolates might be offered, a core brand may be initiated in the count line sector. Given that this sector is tipped to be the development engine of the industry and this sector encompasses a significant market share. Product classification Dove milk chocolate can be classified as a convenience good, which customers never plan to buy in advance. The consumer buys the candy bars when the need comes or when the consumer visits a place where the candy bar is sold. With convenience products, consumers are not willing to spend much time window-shopping for the products to compare prices, since the consumer knows the brands that are wanted. More so, the candy bars are not expensive, and consumers only pick the candy bars at their nearest shops since the candy bars are available in most retail centers, including large supermarkets such as Wal-Mart. In addition, dove milk candy is a product that consumers buy regularly, and the consumer knows specifically where to get the candy bar according to their tastes and preferences. Moreover, the candy bars are bought in small quantities and do not require much effort in buying. Many customers only buy the candy bars when it is necessary, to give to friends or eat when the consumer feel s the urge, qualifying dove milk chocolate as a convenience product (Lamb, Hair & McDaniel, 2011). Branding a) Dove milk product uses a family branding strategy, where all its products are marketed through the word Dove, and all have the same brand name. The products are closely related, differing in terms of flavor, and little content, but all have the same utility. The products range from dark chocolate, miniature, among others with different flavors. All of them carry the same name on their products. The name is written on a coherent clearer part of the package for all of them. b). The brand name of the product is Dove, which is written clearly in bolder letters, on a reflective paper of the packaging to make the name more visible. Each cover color of the dove milk chocolate depends on the flavor. For darker chocolate, the color is darker, but the similar in terms of the lay out of the paint. In all of the chocolate brands, there is a curved line across the package in a different  color, mostly defining milk content. However, there is a dark chocolate color defining all of them. In addition, the flavor of the chocolate inside such as silky smooth milk chocolate is inscribed at the right hand bottom corner. c). The level of brand loyalty is high for this product, and its users are used to buying from the same brand. Considering this is a convenience good, consumers prefer buying from one producer, whom the consumer trusts, or depending on the consumer’s preference (Lamb, Hair & McDaniel, 2011). This builds up exceptional customer loyalty since many will only prefer the Dove chocolate to other brands. OK. Packaging a) Packaging has been used in several ways for Dove milk chocolate considering it is a consumable food product, needing protection to remain safe for human consumption, as well as convenience. Some people may not have money to buy in large quantities, and prefer smaller quantities (Lamb, Hair & McDaniel, 2011). 1) The product is meant for human consumption and requires protection from harmful substances that might contaminate it. Therefore, the packaging provides for this by using a plastic, paper package for smaller quantities, while bigger quantities that might not be consumed at once are packaged in cartons and smaller foil or plastic paper packages for protection. The packages are well designed to let no substance inside, and can be easily opened and closable except for smaller packages that are consumed once. The Product Safety Act of a consumer necessitates that all packages enveloping products intended for human utilization or use be composed of materials believed safe for han dling and produced in amenities that encompass no cross-contamination matters with other commodities. These rules are set to guarantee that consumers do not turn out to be infected with food-borne diseases or other illnesses merely from handling packaging of a product. (Lister, 1999-2012) (Also, include the different size and types of packages. These should be listed clearly. In other words, 6 oz., 10oz, and 14 oz. Bars and 50 count and 100 count bags of individually wrapped bars. Then for the bars and individually wrapped units, describe the package.) 2) The packaging has been well designed to promote the product. The product lists the ingredients used, flavors and uses positional words such as miniature, silk, and smooth to attract customers. More so, its color is differentiated from other competitors. 3) The packaging has also been  designed to enhance storage since most of them are in rectangular shapes that are easily packed into bulk containers for shipment and wholesale. In addition, the package comes in different sizes, with different prices to serve convenience especially when one does not require purchasing larger amounts. The chocolate bar is also packaged in ounces for convenience. The packages are easily opened for customer’s convenience. Resalable for reuse? Is there a date to use the product by? 4) In terms of facilitating recycling and reducing environmental damage, some of the packages are made up of biodegradable material, while some, especially the smaller packages, are in plastic papers. However, packaging the bigger products degradable material reduces the amount of non-biodegradable material they release into the environment. OK. b) The product uses both types of labeling, persuasive and informational. On the packages, the labeling is quite persuasive with positional statements that are also informative of what the product contains, in terms of nutritional content. The product uses words such as smooth and silk to explain the taste of the product for persuasion. Xxx. Product Life Cycle All products go through a life cycle since the time they are introduced into the market, to growth, maturity, and finally decline. However, this is dependent on the product category. For the product category, which is convenience, their maturity stage seem to last for long considering people will continue to buy the product when they need it. In this case, the product is in the maturity stage, where sales are increasing slowly. At this stage, the company can use the strategy of differentiating its products, which it has done. Currently, dove milk chocolates comes in different flavors, with more and more differentiation taking place to fight off competition, which is high at this stage. However, declining for this category of product is hard since it is a product that people buy regularly for human consumption, and they will still need it another day when the urge comes back. The product is sold internationally, but mostly in America, where it has reached maturity due to this differen tiation of the product, and bearing in mind how long it has been in subsistence. Mode of Product Advertisement Given that Dove Milk Chocolate is a product widely known but is losing its appeal in the market, the best mode of advertising is ultimately product advertisement. The reason of using this mode of advertising is that institutional advertisement will not have the desired effect for this product. Most people acknowledge the existence of Dove Milk Chocolate, but they do not comprehend the advantages of using the new product leading to the need of sensitizing the larger population about it. According to the previous discussed reasons, pioneering advertisement is the best option for the reintroduction of a product that is losing touch with the consumers. The objective of this form of advertisement is giving consumers comprehensive information regarding the nutritional advantages associated with the product (Jugenheimer, 2010). Once consumers understand a product they are most likely to buy such products. Advertisement Appeal Used According to studies (Jugenheimer, 2010), any advertisement has to give the consumer reasons as to why they should buy a given product. That is, answering the questions such as what additional value they are to reap from the usage of Dove Milk Chocolate. Accordingly, in order to acquire competitive advantage, there is a need of combining a number of appeals. Since it is a product in its reintroduction stage, it needs to make sure that customers obtain the best for a subsidized price. In addition, an endorsement from influential people is also extremely valuable in such advertisements. Fun and pleasure is also beneficial in the promotion of the product of consideration. Explaining the pleasures that come with the usage of the product is significant at appealing consumers to use the commodity. However, influential people provide the best appeal. This is because many people adore their idols and believe that they always make the best decisions. Form of media It is not advisable to use one form of media. This is because although a given media might have certain advantages, it may lack values present in another. Accordingly, in the promotion of Dove Milk Chocolate bars, it is essential to use a number of relevant media. For the purpose of achieving geographical flexibility, newspapers are the best option. However, to reach out to the desired demographics magazines will apply. Internet and  television find application at ensuring a narrow target audience and visibility respectively. The internet is fast growing and though it does lack demographic or geographic specification, it is one of the best modes of ensuring low cost fast advertisements. Furthermore, Mars Company already has a website making it easier to promote the commodity on the internet. On the other hand, television ensures that the product becomes visible. Public Relation Functions To achieve product prosperity, there is a need for application of more public relations. Product publicity and lobbying are the best option for a new product. Product publicity ensures that there is a valid word going around and that the product gains favor in the public domain. This is because there are organizations campaigning against the consumption of chocolate. On the other hand, lobbying ensures that the government does not pass strict laws that will hamper prosperity of the product. In this regard, there should be a lobbyist mandated to the task of ensuring that chocolate bars are in excellent terms with the government and policy makers. Furthermore, publicity will play a vital role at ensuring that many people understand the advantages of using this product, as opposed to the many publicized demerits. Public Relations Tools As previously indicated, this product has been experiencing difficulties over the years meaning that many people do not favor its usage. To bridge the gap of this misconception about the product, there is a need for the application of both new product publicity and product placement by the marketers. Application of new-product publicity will be instrumental in explaining to consumers the nutritional benefits of using chocolate bars. Furthermore, placement of products in movies and in other advertisement will boost consumer awareness about its benefits (Jugenheimer, 2010). Movies are especially a larger tool of promoting awareness of a given product. Movies are more likely to find more usage in comparison to advertisements. This is because there are an extraordinarily high number of people watching movies and television programs. Sales Promotion Tools Managers’ objective will be acquiring new customers from already existing entrants. In order to accomplish this, there is a need of explaining product superiority in comparison to those offered by competitors. In addition, there is a need of ensuring that prices do not matter by offering a value added product to consumers at a considerable price. That is, having chocolate bars with nutritional value as opposed to those that are a hazard to consumer’s health. Having a bonus pack is extremely vital at this level in order to persuade consumers that switch brands to be loyal to this product. Bonus packs should vary to attract various customers. This means that there is a need for different discount packs to cater for loyal customers, competitor consumers, and price buyers. Personal Selling The concept of personal selling revolves around personal communication in trying to convince each other to purchase a given product. In its distribution channel, there will be effective personal communication, which will ensure that there is a conviction on the part of the consumer as to the reason of using Dove Milk Chocolate bars. Furthermore, ensuring that the company responds properly to any orders placed for the commodity will ensure an effective personal selling to the advantage of the product. Orders always act as a form of communication between the buyer and the product. Price Strategy Pricing Objectives Any product has to make a profit for its institution (Engelson, 2010). Maximization of profits is a paramount objective of pricing in many if not all corporations. Accordingly, the pricing of this chocolate bars will revolve around making profit. The purpose of this is ensuring that it does balance consumer-investor satisfaction. Given that the commodity has considerable competition, high prices are not the way to go. Accordingly, there is a need of ensuring lower production cost and increasing its sales to maximize profits (Ferrell, 2010). Other Price Determinants In its re-introductory stage, there is the urge to elevate the price but due to the competition evident, this is not an option. After this stage, the  prices will be on the decrease, and this will be due to increase in the number of players selling an alternative to this product (Ferrell, 2010). Given the fact that more competitors are likely to spur an increase in the supply there will be a decrease in prices. Accordingly, the major determinant of the pricing will be competition in the market. However, added value will ensure that there is differentiation of the product (Smith, 2011). Achieving this will ensure that consumers disregard the price factor and negative publicity. Discount Policies There are a number of discounts in application for the commodity. To promote the loyalty of consumers, there will be cumulative quantity discounts awarded. That is, buying in bulk ensures that the customers pay lesser. However, there is also a need of compensating retailers and wholesalers for their services accorded to a given product (Smith, 2011). There is an application of functional discounts on theStrategyproduct. Finally, seasons always experience increased spending by consumers (Engelson, 2010). Accordingly, offering seasonal discounts ensures that consumers remain loyal to Dove Milk Chocolate and price buyers choose the product. References Bo wersox, D, J., Closs D.J., & Cooper, M, B. (2007). Supply chain logistics management. New York: McGraw –Hill Publishing. Christopher, M. (2005). Logistics and supply chain management (3rd ed.). Essex: FT Prentice Hall Publishing. Engelson, M. (2010). Pricing strategy: an interdisciplinary approach. Portland: Joint Management Strategy. Ferrell, O. C. (2010). Marketing Strategy. Stamford: Cengage Learning. Jugenheimer, D. W. (2010). Advertising and Public Relations Research. New York: M.E. Sharpe. Lamb, C. W., Hair, Jr., J. F., & McDaniel, C. (2012). Marketing 5. Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Lister, J. (1999-2012). Product Packaging Regulations. Retrieved from www.ehow.com: http://www.ehow.com/list_6774882_product-packaging-regulations.html Smith, T. J. (2011). Pricing Strategy: Setting Price Levels, Managing Price Discounts, & Establishing Price Structures. Stamford: Cengage Learning.

Workplace Incivility

Select and complete one (1) of the following assessments from your text: †¢ Box 8. 2: Workplace Incivility Scale I selected this exercise since my organization recently had a change in leadership at the highest levels. I thought to compare/contrast the Incivility Scale under the old and new regimes. I concentrated on my interactions with my superiors. | |Old Leadership |New Leadership | |Put you down or was condescending to you? |Yes. This was a frequent occurrence at staff |No. | |meetings | | |Paid little attention to your statement or |Yes. This was a frequent occurrence at staff |No. | |showed little interest in your opinion? |meetings | | |Made demeaning or derogatory remarks about you? |No. The boss always separated his professional |No. | | |feelings from personal ones. He frequently | | | |would question you professional competence, but| | | |would not cross the line into a personal | | | |attack. | | |Addressed you in unprofessional terms either |Yes. This seems to be at odds with the above |No. |publically or privately? |statement, but these did not seem to be a | | | |personal attack. | | |Ignored or excluded you from professional |No. This does not really apply in my situation|No. This does not really apply in my situation| |camaraderie? |because of the differences in ranks. |because of the differences in ranks. | |Doubted your judgment on a matter over which |Yes. Was very vocal about it during staff |Yes. This still occurs at staff meetings, but | |you have responsibility? |meetings. |with a different tone. It is not so much a | | | |doubt in judgment, but more of an â€Å"are you | | | |sure† second check. | |Made unwanted attempts to draw you into a |No. We never had this sort of relationship. |No. We never had this sort of relationship. | |discussion of personal matters? | | | | | | As can be seen above, there have been a wholesale change in the leadership style in my organization. Everyone that has been promoted to a leadership position has had to attend at least one Leadership Continuum (more likely, he has attended at least five). One of the core concepts that is taught is the theory to â€Å"Praise in Public, Shame in Private. It has constantly amazed me how many leaders never picked up on that lesson. I try to embrace that lesson with my subordinates in all of my interactions. With the new leadership in place, we seem to produce the same output as before, but with a hi gher morale level. The new boss still challenges your professional judgment to keep you on your toes, but it is accomplished in a far less confrontational manner. In conclusion, It seems as if the Incivility Scale for my organization has shifted significantly in the â€Å"civil† direction [pic]

Wind Mobile

Wind Mobile Political The Canadian Radio – television and Telecommunications Commission (CRT) unwanted Globalize company ownership (Rococo) Competition Bureau – independent agency that investigates offences across the Canadian business scene Canada's telecoms laws Major acts of Parliament regulate the Canadian telecoms sector including the Canadian Radio- television and Telecommunications Act. Telecommunications Act, Broadcasting Act and Radio communications Act.Environmental Market and trade cycles according the Canadian community Market routes and distribution trends within Canada G network and LET net speeds Taxation issues with internationally owned companies Socio-cultural Average consumer within Canada pays $70 per month Lifestyle trends of business, regular and student consumers Brands of cell phone gadgets are a strong influence for consumers to purchase a product or not. Currently Apple and Samsung are in the lead.Marketing and advertising for Wind Is currently pushing for the consumer who seeks the best services at a lower price, working against competitors. Technology Competing cell phone technology developments and also the highest quality In mobile lines and Internet speeds. R & D activities within the company. Maturity in technology. Consumer buying mechanisms and what they seek to have. Technology access (phone signals) licensing, patents. Threats Bell, Rogers and Tells Well established competitors known for their product established.Continuous threats of Public Mobile Wind Is known to drop calls and consumers are not happy about this. Heavy push on laws and regulations against pricing of current cell phone plans. Opportunities Develop a stronger call line to avoid drop calls Students want better deals and therefore want to providers such as wind Joint entire with another large well known company such as Bell Mobile. Sell company to a Canadian owner or co-ownership.By task_Mackinac Unwanted Globalize company ownership (Rococo) 36 ne twork and LET net speeds Apple and Samsung are in the lead. Marketing and advertising for Wind is currently Competing cell phone technology developments and also the highest quality in mobile lines and internet speeds. R & D activities within the company. Wind is known to drop calls and consumers are not happy about this. Heavy push on laws and regulations against pricing of current cell phone plans. Opportunities

How Did Erasmus Use Folly to Criticize the Catholic Church

How did Erasmus use â€Å"Folly† to criticize the Catholic Church of his Day? It may seem odd or different to admire and acclaim Folly, but there is a definite benefit to foolishness: the freedom to tell only factual information. In Praise of Folly, Erasmus put this independence to good use in repeating to the readers, a civilization significantly besmirched by mature worries, that a person is unable to serve both God and Mammon. He leveled over his irony by promising us that â€Å"there is merit in being attacked by Folly† (7), and closed with the recap that â€Å"it's Folly and a woman who's been speaking† (134), a renunciation that permitted him to be as brutal as he desired to be in his condemnation. He definitely found necessity for severity, for the standards he saw at the center of Christianity, the sympathy and detriment of the Scriptures, were everywhere stunned by gluttony, drive, and fallacy. Having the disguise of Folly, Erasmus critiqued the developing middle-class financial values, policies of hierarchy, and even Catholicism itself, and in the course he safeguarded the traditional Christian ethic, which appears as Folly to the world. Obviously, the affection of Christ was distant from the princes of Christendom, having been substituted by egotism and exploitation. While Erasmus remained faithful to the Catholic Church, Erasmus observed many exploitations among her ministry, theologians, and untrained persons, and he dedicated a huge apportion of the Praise of Folly to disapproval of the sleaze in the Church. The sleaze of the clergy was similar to that of the princes, and like the princes their existences made ridicule of the â€Å"linen vestment, snow-white in colour to indicate a pure and spotless life† (107) and other symbols of the ideal Erasmus envisioned for the cardinals, bishops, and popes. Their greatest care was â€Å"netting their revenues into the bag† (107). The popes were biased by the fraud of â€Å"their wealth and honours, their sovereignty and triumphs, their many offices, dispensations, taxes, and indulgences, all their horses and mules, their retinue, and their countless pleasures† (109). In what way, as â€Å"vicars of Christ†, were they able to â€Å"imitate his life of poverty and toil† (108). Reasonably, they permitted individuals to â€Å"enjoy deluding themselves with imaginary pardons for their sins† (63-64) through the deal of pardons, and Church offices were given to the highest bidder rather than the most religious. Erasmus also critiqued the reclusive system, being detached from civilization seemed to make the monks â€Å"a long way removed from religion† (96)l. The priests, like their elders, believed mostly of â€Å"harvesting their gains† (112), using Scripture and ancient writings to reinforce their right to the duty, while â€Å"it never occurs to them how much can be read everywhere about the duty they owe the people in return† (111). Erasmus criticized the theologians, in particular the scholastics, for the exclusiveness that triggered them to â€Å"write for a learned minority† (81) and divide theological aspects that only added to division. Among the untrained people, Erasmus saw â€Å"varieties of silliness† in the â€Å"ordinary life of Christians everywhere† (66). Fallacy and empty rites made up most of the varieties of silliness. Erasmus spoke out contrary to the sect of saints, whose supporters had disremembered the vital opinion that â€Å"the saint will protect you if you'll try to imitate his life† (66) in their dependence on the saints to get them out of dilemmas. He also cautioned of the Virgin Mary that â€Å"the common ignorant man comes near to attributing more to her than to her son† (65). The â€Å"varieties of silliness† and fallacy of the commonplace people had substantially fogged the important principles of Christianity, yet they were â€Å"readily permitted and encouraged by priests who are not unaware of the profit to be made thereby† (66). Erasmus acknowledged that the standards and financial system of Capitalism that were evolving along with the new middle-class was in many ways differed to conservative Christianity, so traders and their class were integrated in the mocking attacks of Folly. He criticized many classes of people for their commitment to Mammon: gamblers who â€Å"make shipwreck of their entire resources† (62), the man who â€Å"marries a dowry, not a wife† (76), or â€Å"thinks himself rich on loans and credit† (76), â€Å"the priests who look for profit by their flocks† (66), and the merchants themselves, â€Å"most foolish of all, and the meanest† (76). Erasmus brought out their â€Å"lies, perjury, thefts, frauds, and deceptions† (76), which does not stop them from seeing themselves greater on justification of their prosperity. He also made note of the narcissism of this wealth, though one can be affluent and influential, â€Å"if he lacks all spiritual goods and can never be satisfied, then he's surely the poorest of men† (44). â€Å"Spiritual goods† such as devout knowledge are not good business sense: â€Å"How much money,† Folly asks, â€Å"can he make in business if he lets wisdom be his guide, if he recoils from perjury, blushes if he's caught telling a lie, and takes the slightest notice of those niggling scruples wise men have about thieving and usury? (114) The traders instead displayed a sophisticated understanding to outfit their gluttony. Erasmus also criticized the tiered type of his society, in particular criticizing the dishonesty of kings and their courts and the desolation of noble designations. He reprimanded those who took pleasure in â€Å"an empty title of nobility† (67), proposing they might be called â€Å"low-born and bastard† because they were â€Å"so far removed from virtue, which is the sole source of nobility† (45). He grieved that honesty is far from stately courts, princes â€Å"having no one to tell them the truth, and being obliged to have flatterers for friends† (56). His idea of what a monarch should be is very forward and point blank, he â€Å"has to devote himself to public instead of his personal affairs, and must think only of the well-being of his people† (104). But in reality it was far dissimilar, as Erasmus showed the idea of the prince, whose immoralities make ridicule of the royal representations of what he should be, â€Å"a man ignorant of the law, well nigh an enemy to his people's advantage while intent on his personal convenience, a dedicated voluptuary, a hater of learning, freedom, and truth, without a thought for the interests of his country, and measuring everything in terms of his own profit and desires. Then give him a gold chain, symbol of the concord between all the virtues, a crown studded with precious stones to remind him that he must exceed all others in every heroic quality. Add a sceptre to symbolize justice and a wholly uncorrupted heart, and finally, the purple as an emblem of his overwhelming devotion to his people. If the prince were to compare these insignia with his way of life, I'm sure he would blush to be thus adorned, and fear that some satirist would turn all these trappings into a subject for mockery and derision† (105). Though he criticized the irrationality that led to fraud in the Church, societal ladders of rank, and finances, Erasmus smoothed out his justification of conservative Christianity with admiration for a different kind of Folly, the vital Scriptural truths of Christianity which are the knowledge of God that seems silliness to people. He mentioned Paul's lessons of the folly of the Gospel, declaring that â€Å"the Christian religion has a kind of kinship with folly in some form, though it has none at all with wisdom† (128). If â€Å"by stoic definition wisdom means nothing else but being ruled by reason; and folly, by contrast, is being swayed by the dictates of the passions† (29), then the dominant education of Christianity, love for God and one's fellow citizen, was in fact similar to folly, for love is definitely a passion. This forsaken love along with empathy, martyr, and the other principles of Christian idiocy, was what Erasmus pursued to support in his criticism of a civilization tainted in the observance of Mammon rather than God.